Every garden has them: those unwanted plants that freeload off of the care you're giving your plants, and often grow even bigger and crazier than the plants you are constanly nurturing. Weeds suck up the water and fertilizer meant for other plants, they block out sunlight when they get too big, and their roots can choke and kill the roots of your intentional garden. Keeping your garden weeded is just as important as keeping it fed and watered. Let's talk about weeds!
IDENTIFYING WEEDS
A weed is simply an unwanted plant growing in a space that is being purposely cultivated for something else. For example, a dandelion is considered a weed when it sprouts up in the middle of your perfect green lawn. But a field of wild dandelions in a forest clearing is not only beautiful, it actually helps bugs and wildlife thrive through shade, food, and groundcover. Dandelion greens are delicious and edible, and the entire plant has been used for traditional medicinal purposes. But I still don't want them on my lawn. Heck, even a healthy thriving tomato plant can be considered a weed if it pops up unexpectedly in your bed of sunflowers.
My biggest weed fight is against the morning glories, shown at left on my balcony a few years ago. The little dudes sprout up in every single planting bed I have, constantly, from February through November. Morning glory flowers are beautiful and create great vines, and I keep a few pots full of them underneath window grates where the vines can grow and wrap. But the vines also produce a massive amount of seed pods that not only blow around in the wind, they can survive for quite a long time in bad conditions before sprouting. So I have learned to identify their seedlings at first sprout, and I weed out morning glory plants from at least one plant bed almost every day. That is not an exaggeration. Even if I got rid of my purposely-planted morning glories, I bet it would take years before I stopped seeing them sprout up in my garden beds.
Some weeds are pretty smart. For the last two years, I've noticed this weed that grows around my hydrangeas (among other places).
It has leaves similar to the hydrangea plant so I never pull it out in the Spring, but as both plants mature, it becomes very obvious that it's an unwanted weed. The growth patterns are different, the stems mature differently, and of course, they flower into totally different plants. But for at least 2 months, it's almost undetectable! Can you see the differences in the two plants above? Look at the patterns made by the leaf veins, the shape of the leaf edges, and the shininess of the leaves. Pretty cool survival technique. It's similar to a chamelion or a stick bug blending in to avoid predators.
So how can you tell if you have weeds? Well if you're growing a garden, you probably know exactly what you planted where, which means you know what you DIDN'T plant. And those are your weeds! When growing flowers or food, you want to keep the space around them clear of any unintentional greenery, especially if you can't identify the plant species. Many weeds have large networks of underground rhizomes that could be quitely killing your precious tomato plant. So even if the weeds seem harmless (or even pretty) from above, don't take any chances!
GETTING RID OF WEEDS
If weeds pop up in your garden, you have a few options.